APPEL A L’UNION ISLAMIQUE

35. Levent Ozturk, Islam Toplumunda Hristiyanlar (Les chrétiens dans le monde musulman), Istanbul, Editions Iz, 1998, 123 ; al-Tabari, Ta'rikh I, Chroniques I, 1850

36. Al-Tabari, Ta'rikh 1, cité in Majid Khadduri, War and Peace in the Law of Islam, Baltimore, Johns Hopkins University Press, 1955, 102 ; republié par New York : AMS Press, 1979

37. Philip K. Hitti, History of Arabs from the Earliest Times to the Present, Londres, Macmillan, 1958, 143

38. Samuel H. Moffet, A History of Christianity in Asia, vol. 1, Beginnings to 1500, New York, Orbis Books, 1998, 338

39. W. H. C. Frend, "Christianity in the Middle East  A Survey Down to A. D. 1800", in Religion in the Middle East, ed. A. J. Arberry, vols. I-II, Cambridge, 1969, I : 289

40. Bernard Lewis, The Arabs in History, Oxford, Oxford University Press, 1993, pp. 101-03

41. Abu Dawood

42. Abu Yusuf, no. 139

43. "Caliph Omar and the Blind Beggar", disponible sur : www.geocities.com/am_1_99/ CaliphOmar1.html

44. "Study Shows New Yorkers Suffered Most Post-9/11 Psychological Stress", Scientific American, 7 août 2002